Virtual Globetrotting: Military

Virtual Globetrotting: Military - Historic http://virtualglobetrotting.com/ A great way to explore everything that can be seen from space! en-us Copyright 2009 admin@virtualglobetrotting.com (Nic) admin@virtualglobetrotting.com (Nic) Wed, 31 Dec 2008 17:17:20 -0800 http://backend.userland.com/rss <![CDATA[Quarters One]]>

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Quarters One
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By: AlbinoFlea
@ 2008-12-31 17:17:20
From www.globalsecurity.org:

Quarters One houses the Army chief of staff.

Quarters One was built in May 1899 at a cost of $18,471. A two-story structure with basement and attic, it contains 21 rooms on a foundation measuring 40 by 54 feet. The first Quarters One occupant on record was Maj. Gen. Charles Humphrey. He occupied the house until 1908, when it was designated the official residence of the Army chief of staff. Maj. Gen. J. Franklin Bell was the first Army chief of staff to live there.

Many of the Army's great leaders have resided in Quarters One. Gen. of the Army Douglas MacArthur lived there from 1930 until 1935. Gen. of the Army George C. Marshall called Quarters One his home during the years of World War II. Gen. of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower followed Marshall into the house and resided there until 1948. Another of the great World War II leaders, Gen. of the Army Omar Bradley, lived in Quarters One until 1953. ]]>

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Commonwealth War Cemetery
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By: bubaonline
@ 2008-12-02 07:09:08
Klagenfurt, the only Commonwealth war cemetery in Austria, was begun in June 1945 by the British occupying forces, who moved graves into it from all over the country. It now contains 589 Commonwealth burials of the Second World War. Between 1950 and 1954, eight First World War graves were moved into the cemetery from small cemeteries at Innsbruck, Mauthausen, Muhldorf and Vienna.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/60383/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/60383/ Tue, 02 Dec 2008 07:09:08 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/60383/ 46.61841722 14.27367829 <![CDATA[Malmedy massacre (WWII)]]>

Malmedy massacre (WWII)
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By: bubaonline
@ 2008-11-28 07:46:20
The Malmedy massacre refers to a war crime in which about 90 unarmed American prisoners of war were executed by their German captors. The massacre was committed on December 17, 1944 by Kampfgruppe Peiper (part of the 1st SS Panzer Division), a German combat unit, during the Battle of the Bulge. This massacre, as well as others committed by the same unit the same day and on the following days, was the subject of a trial during the Dachau Trials of 1946.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/60191/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/60191/ Fri, 28 Nov 2008 07:46:20 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/60191/ 50.40388900 6.06619400 <![CDATA[Blohm + Voss AG shipyard (Birthplace of Battleship Bismarck)]]>

Blohm + Voss AG shipyard (Birthplace of Battleship Bismarck)

Blohm + Voss AG shipyard (Birthplace of Battleship Bismarck)
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By: bubaonline
@ 2008-11-16 07:04:41
Blohm + Voss is a German shipbuilding and engineering works. It was founded on April 5, 1877, by Hermann Blohm and Ernst Voss as a general partnership named Blohm & Voss. A shipyard was built on the island of Kuhwerder, near the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, covering 15,000 m² with 250 m of water frontage and three building berths, two suitable for ships of up to 100 metres length. The company's logo is a simple dark blue rectangle with rounded corners bearing the white letters "Blohm+Voss".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blohm_%26_Voss

The building contract of the Battleship was placed on 16 November 1935 with Blohm + Voss, as New Construction "F" later named Bismarck and the keel was laid on 1 July 1936.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck
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Fenestrelle Walls and Fortress
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By: Effi
@ 2008-11-07 06:54:29
Fenestrelle fortress is the largest fortified structure in Europe and the longest construction in masonry after the Great Wall of China. It is an enormous stone building extending for around five kilometres in the Chisone valley, and it covers a rise in height of almost 700 metres, on a surface area of 1,300,000 sq. m. In 1708, two years after the Battle of Turin, Vittorio Amedeo II drove out the garrison controlling the Moutin Fort near Fenestrelle and chose it as the headquarters of the most imposing defensive work in his Kingdom.

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Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery
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By: AlbinoFlea
@ 2008-09-01 22:22:50
From interment.net:

Point Lookout State Park lies at the southern tip of the Maryland Peninsula. During the Civil War it was the home of one of the largest prisons for Confederate POWs. Of the more than 52,000 prisoners incarcerated here, it is believed that over 14,000 died.

Conditions in the prison was deplorable. Food was scarce, causing prisoners to eat rats and other dead animals. Malaria, scurvy, tuberculosis, caused many deaths. Overcrowding allowed viral diseases to spread quickly. Prisoners had no shoes to wear, and only a blanket to keep warm in winter.

The dead were buried at the prison cemetery, but were later re-interred in a mass grave, now marked by a single monument with their names inscribed at the base. ]]>

Mulberry Harbour "Phoenix" Caisson
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By: joepublic
@ 2008-08-28 21:20:35
Partially submerged 6000 ton Mulberry "Phoenix" unit.]]>

Mulberry Harbour "Phoenix" Caisson
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By: joepublic
@ 2008-08-28 21:20:35
Partially submerged 6000 ton Mulberry "Phoenix" unit.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/55620/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/55620/ Thu, 28 Aug 2008 21:20:35 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/55620/ 50.76020108 -0.72759748 <![CDATA[WWII Mulberry Harbour Section]]>

WWII Mulberry Harbour Section
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By: joepublic
@ 2008-08-28 18:59:04
A concrete barge which should have been used as part of the floating roadway of the Mulberry harbour for the D Day landings. According to locals, this section came adrift before it could be towed to the Normandy coastline on the morning of 6th June 1944.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/55591/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/55591/ Thu, 28 Aug 2008 18:59:04 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/55591/ 50.77816300 -0.69768400 <![CDATA[Porta San Giovanni]]>

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Porta San Giovanni
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By: Effi
@ 2008-08-04 04:03:48]]>

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Porta San Giovanni
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By: Effi
@ 2008-08-04 04:03:48]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/54439/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/54439/ Mon, 04 Aug 2008 04:03:48 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/54439/ 41.88600900 12.50924600 <![CDATA[Torre Calderina]]>

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Torre Calderina
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By: Effi
@ 2008-06-25 08:28:44]]>

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Torre Calderina
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By: Effi
@ 2008-06-25 08:28:44]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/52215/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/52215/ Wed, 25 Jun 2008 08:28:44 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/52215/ 41.22675300 16.55285900 <![CDATA[Original Fort Lewis Main Gate]]>

Original Fort Lewis Main Gate
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By: jbottero
@ 2008-04-30 02:12:56
Long closed, but still visible from Interstate 5.]]>

Original Fort Lewis Main Gate
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By: jbottero
@ 2008-04-30 02:12:56
Long closed, but still visible from Interstate 5.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/49627/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/49627/ Wed, 30 Apr 2008 02:12:56 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/49627/ 47.12251600 -122.54960700 <![CDATA[Battalion Park]]>

Battalion Park
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By: mlc1us
@ 2008-04-09 12:19:55]]>

Battalion Park
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By: mlc1us
@ 2008-04-09 12:19:55]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/48817/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/48817/ Wed, 09 Apr 2008 12:19:55 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/48817/ 51.02111800 -114.17295800 <![CDATA[The Bendlerblock]]>

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The Bendlerblock
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By: jbottero
@ 2008-04-09 00:11:59
The Bendlerblock is a building in Berlin, located in the Stauffenbergstraße, south of the Tiergarten. It was erected between 1911 and 1914 for the Reich Navy Office. During the Weimar Republic it additionally served as the seat of the Reichswehr Command. Today, the building complex serves as secondary office of the German Federal Ministry of Defence.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/48810/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/48810/ Wed, 09 Apr 2008 00:11:59 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/48810/ 52.50709700 13.36112700 <![CDATA[Bell X-1 / B-29 loading pit]]>

Bell X-1 / B-29 loading pit
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By: kjfitz
@ 2008-03-13 17:06:23
Loading the Bell X-1 aboard the B29 mother ship to be carried aloft required that the research ship be lowered into a pit and the B-29 then rolled over the smaller plane so that it could be hoisted into its bomb bay. Later, a system of hydraulic jacks was used to raise the mother ship.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/47526/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/47526/ Thu, 13 Mar 2008 17:06:23 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/47526/ 34.89846800 -117.87948900 <![CDATA[Horse Guards]]>

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Horse Guards
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By: adrbr
@ 2008-03-07 17:51:26
The Horse Guards, a finely proportioned building with a handsome clock tower designed by William Kent (1753), occupies the site of a guard house belonging to the old Palace of Whitehall. It is now occupied by government offices; on the north side of the parade ground is the Admiralty building.

The Household Cavalry consists of two separate regiments, the Life Guards, who wear scarlet tunics and white plumed helmets, and the Blues and Royals, who wear blue tunics and red plumed helmets. The Life Guards originated as a cavalry unit which formed Charles I's bodyguard during the Civil War, the Blues and Royals (formerly the Royal Horse Guards) as a troop of Cromwellian cavalry.

The headquarters of the Household Cavalry are in Hyde Park Barracks, Knightsbridge, some 2.5km/1.5mi from Whitehall. The new guard, riding daily to Horse Guards, passes Buckingham Palace. The changing of the guard and the Sunday parade are among London's greatest tourist attractions.

In June every year, on the Queen's official birthday, the parade ground behind the Horse Guards is the scene of a colorful military spectacle, Trooping the Color.
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Dutch Cavalry Museum
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By: adrbr
@ 2008-02-23 18:42:35
The Dutch Cavalry Museum is located in the centre of The Netherlands in the city of Amersfoort. The museum is in two large buildings at the army barracks 'Bernhardkazerne'.

The museum collection contains small objects like uniforms, firearms, silver, paintings, scale models etc. But also vehicles, armoured cars, tanks and related equipment that were in use, or still are, by the cavalry of the Royal Dutch Army. The museum shows over 425 years of history, showing a visitor the evolution from horseback armies to a modern army with tanks
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Minelayer Keihässalmi & Corvette Karjala

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Minelayer Keihässalmi & Corvette Karjala
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By: Accagas
@ 2008-02-18 07:41:10
Maritime Museum Forum Marinum has a remarkable museumship fleet even by international standards.

The minelayer Keihässalmi was the first minelayer of the Finnish Navy built after the second world war.

The Karjala was built in Helsinki in 1968 and is considered to be a corvette according to international standards.

]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45868/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45868/ Mon, 18 Feb 2008 07:41:10 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45868/ 60.43579787 22.23510958 <![CDATA[Monte Moro World War II Military Battery]]>

Monte Moro World War II Military Battery

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Monte Moro World War II Military Battery
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By: Effi
@ 2008-02-15 10:18:07]]>

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Monte Moro World War II Military Battery
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By: Effi
@ 2008-02-15 10:18:07]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45715/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45715/ Fri, 15 Feb 2008 10:18:07 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45715/ 44.39171700 9.02587300 <![CDATA[Post WWII Buzz Bomb Launch Ramp]]>

Post WWII Buzz Bomb Launch Ramp
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By: acj15
@ 2008-02-12 23:00:50
According to Kevin Russo, “The cleared area [extending away from the airfield toward the southeast]

is the northwest tip of a bombing range called C-72.”

The metal launch structure used for post-WW2 tests of German V-2 rockets was still visible, at the top of this cleared area.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45579/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45579/ Tue, 12 Feb 2008 23:00:50 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/45579/ 30.66264833 -86.34448171 <![CDATA[Alamo Mission]]>

Alamo Mission
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By: kjfitz
@ 2008-02-12 13:54:35
The Alamo (San Antonio de Valero Mission) is a former mission and fortress compound, now a museum, in San Antonio, Texas. The compound, which originally comprised a sanctuary and surrounding buildings, was built by the Spanish Empire in the 18th century for the education of local Native Americans after their conversion to Christianity. After its abandonment as a mission, it was used as a fortress in the 19th century and was the scene of several military actions, including most notably the 1836 Battle of the Alamo, one of the pivotal battles between the forces of the Republic of Texas and Mexico during the Texas Revolution.]]>

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Entrance to the Arsenal Venice
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By: adrbr
@ 2008-02-11 21:19:51
The Arsenal was the Shipyard of Venice . The Byzantine-style establishment may have existed as early as the 8th century, though the present structure is usually said to have been begun in 1104, although there is no evidence for such a precise date. It definitely existed by the early thirteenth century and is mentioned in Dante's Inferno. The name probably comes from Arabic Dar al Sina’a ("Dockyard") and the concept was clearly Islamic as much as Byzantine.

Initially the state dockyard worked merely to maintain naval ships built privately, but in 1320 the Arsenal Nuovo was built, much larger than the original. It enabled all the state's navy and the larger merchant ships to be both constructed and maintained in one place. The Arsenal incidentally became an important centre for rope manufacture, while housing for the arsenal workers grew up outside its walls.

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19th century naval rope/cable factory
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By: kjfitz
@ 2008-01-29 10:43:11
Some old sea ports still have these old buildings around. They are all very long and narrow to facilitate the winding of very long ropes.

There is another that was probably a rope factory as well on the other side of the harbor.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/44525/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/44525/ Tue, 29 Jan 2008 10:43:11 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/44525/ 56.15150600 15.58493100 <![CDATA[Royal Air Force Headquarters of Fighter Command during World War II.]]>

Royal Air Force Headquarters of Fighter Command during World War II.

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Royal Air Force Headquarters of Fighter Command during World War II.
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By: Effi
@ 2007-12-28 19:21:48]]>

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Royal Air Force Headquarters of Fighter Command during World War II.
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By: Effi
@ 2007-12-28 19:21:48]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/42888/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/42888/ Fri, 28 Dec 2007 19:21:48 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/42888/ 51.62660000 -0.33362800 <![CDATA[Wilhelmsburg in ULM - Donau]]>

Wilhelmsburg in ULM - Donau
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By: Fugger
@ 2007-12-17 11:44:18]]>

Wilhelmsburg in ULM - Donau
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By: Fugger
@ 2007-12-17 11:44:18]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/42253/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/42253/ Mon, 17 Dec 2007 11:44:18 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/42253/ 48.41204100 9.98236700 <![CDATA[Alcatraz - Post exchange]]>

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Alcatraz - Post exchange
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By: kjfitz
@ 2007-11-23 09:56:16
The PX or "Soldier's Clubhouse" was built in 1910. It was the general store for the soldiers and their families. Under civilian control it was the rec center for the guards - dance floor, gym, and two lane bowling alley and a soda fountain.

Burned in June 1970.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41245/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41245/ Fri, 23 Nov 2007 09:56:16 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41245/ 37.82780600 -122.42328400 <![CDATA[Alcatraz - Guardhouse / Sally port]]>

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Alcatraz - Guardhouse / Sally port
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By: kjfitz
@ 2007-11-23 09:51:44
Built in 1857, the guardhouse is the oldest building on the island. It was the first line of defense against landing parties which would have to enter the building and cross a drawbridge across a 15 foot moat.

Never tested in battle. Housed Confederate sympathizers and US prisoners during the Civil War.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41244/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41244/ Fri, 23 Nov 2007 09:51:44 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41244/ 37.82723300 -122.42245000 <![CDATA[Alcatraz - Barracks/apartments]]>

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Alcatraz - Barracks/apartments
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By: kjfitz
@ 2007-11-23 09:45:11
In 1905, the army used inmate labor to add three concrete stories on top of the original dock-level brick barracks built in the 1860s. The finished structure, known as building 64, served as quarters for soldiers assigned to prison guard duty.

Later converted into apartments for civilian prison guards and included a small market and a tiny post office.]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41242/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41242/ Fri, 23 Nov 2007 09:45:11 -0800 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/41242/ 37.82657200 -122.42159500 <![CDATA[Tsar Bomba, Biggest Nuke Ever!]]>

Tsar Bomba, Biggest Nuke Ever!
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By: jbottero
@ 2007-10-31 11:36:49
Tsar Bomba is the Western name for the RDS-220, which was the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated. Developed by the Soviet Union, the bomb had a yield of about 50 megatons of TNT and it was codenamed Ivan by its developers.

The bomb was tested on October 30, 1961, in Novaya Zemlya, an archipelago in the Arctic Sea. The device was scaled down from its original design of 100 megatons to reduce the resulting nuclear fallout.
]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/40446/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/40446/ Wed, 31 Oct 2007 11:36:49 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/40446/ 73.85005000 54.49974100 <![CDATA[First Headquarters of the Manhattan Project]]>

First Headquarters of the Manhattan Project

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First Headquarters of the Manhattan Project
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By: Parabellum
@ 2007-10-30 19:49:08
Established here at 270 Broadway in mid 1942 by the US Army Corps of Engineers.

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/science/30manh.html]]> http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/40416/ http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/40416/ Tue, 30 Oct 2007 19:49:08 -0700 http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/40416/ 40.71432100 -74.00740100 <![CDATA[Westover ARB "Christmas Tree"]]>

Westover ARB "Christmas Tree"
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By: skyeye
@ 2007-10-30 18:15:34
Westover Airforce Base supported the mission of the USAF Strategic Air Command from the mid-fifties to late sixties. During the Cold War, at least 5 B-52 bombers, armed with nuclear weapons, were kept on continuous alert on this apron known as the "Christmas Tree."

The "mole hole", Building 7450, pictured above and adjacent to this ramp, served as an alert facility for the crews, which spent one week of 24-hour alert in the underground quarters, going everywhere together during that week so they were always ready for launch in a few moments.]]>

Alamut - Fortress of the Assassins
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By: kjfitz
@ 2007-10-04 17:40:06
Alamut was once a mountain fortress located in central Elburz mountains, south of the Caspian Sea, close to Gazor Khan, near Qazvin, about 100 km from present-day Tehran in Iran. Only ruins remain of this fortress today.

According to Hamdollah Mostowfi, the fortress was built in 840 at an elevation of 2,100 m. It was built in a way that had only one passable artificial entrance that wound its way around the cliff face (the one natural approach, a steep gravel slope, was too dangerous to use); thus making conquering the fortress extremely difficult. The fort had an unusual system of water supply. The top was extremely narrow and long — perhaps 400 meters long, and no more than 30 meters wide in any place, and usually less.

In 1090 the fortress was infiltrated and occupied by the powerful Ismaili sect of Shia Islam (known to the West by the nickname Hashshashin or Assassins), and was then fabled for its gardens and libraries. The ruins of 23 other fortresses remain in the vicinity.]]>

Fortress of Königstein
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By: DonMartini
@ 2007-09-26 02:41:53
Königstein Fortress (German: Festung Königstein), the "Saxon Bastille", is a famous historic mountaintop fortress near Dresden, in Saxon Switzerland, Germany, near the town of Königstein. The fortress, which for centuries was used as a state prison and which is still intact, is one of Saxony's foremost tourist attractions, with 700,000 visitors per year.

The first reference to a castle at Königstein is from 1241. At that time the region was split between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Bishopric of Meissen. To delimit the boundary running between the two states, King Wenceslaus I established the castle which controlled the Elbe valley above Pirna.

A castle since the mid-13th century situated on a prominent isolated rock in the "Saxon Switzerland" region, it originally belonged to the Kings of Bohemia, passing in 1408 to the Dukes of Saxony. Between 1516 and 1524, it included a monastery (Celestines), but it always remained a stronghold and a fortress with its own garrison; the fortifications were always updated and enlarged to meet the latest requirements of arms technology.

Because Königstein Fortress was regarded as unconquerable, the Saxon monarchs retreated to it from Wittenberg and later Dresden during times of crisis and also deposited the state treasure and many works of art from the famous Zwinger here; it was also used as a country retreat due to its lovely surroundings. The Königstein also became the state prison until 1922 for the most important prisoners, such as:
*the Crypto-Calvinists, including Caspar Peucer
*Johann Friedrich Böttger, the inventor of European porcelain
*the Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin
*the founder of German social democracy, August Bebel

Königstein was never taken, not even during World War II. However, on April 17, 1942, French General Henri Giraud successfully escaped German captivity from the castle.

Because of Böttger, the Königstein Fortress is also a site of the invention of European porcelain. Böttger also built the "Great Königstein Cask" in 1725, the greatest wine barrel in the world (and larger than the one in Heidelberg), with a capacity of 238,000 litres.

In World War I the castle was used as a prisoner of war camp (Oflag) for French and Russian officers. In World War II it again served as an Oflag, called Oflag IV-B, for British, French, Polish and other Allied officers.]]>

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Arlington Hall
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By: AlbinoFlea
@ 2007-09-18 03:25:06
From Wikipedia:

Arlington Hall (also called Arlington Hall Station) was the headquarters of the US Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) cryptography effort during World War II. It was named for its location in Arlington Hall Station, Arlington, Virginia—a private girls' school which was commandeered during the War. Arlington Hall was in many respects similar to Bletchley Park in England, though military and only one of two primary cryptography operations in Washington during the War (the other was the Naval Communications Annex, also housed in a commandeered private girls' school). Arlington concentrated its efforts on the Japanese systems (including PURPLE) while Bletchley Park concentrated on European combatants. Arlington Hall eventually became one of the organizations and facilities of the National Security Agency after it was created.

The Arlington Hall effort was comparable in influence to other Anglo-American WW II-era technological efforts, such as the cryptographic work at Bletchley Park, the Naval Communications Annex, development of sophisticated microwave radar at MIT's Radiation Lab, and the Manhattan Project's development of nuclear weapons.

After World War II, the "Russian Section" at Arlington Hall expanded. Work on diplomatic messages benefited from additional technical personnel and new analysts—among them Samuel Chew, who had focused on Japan, and linguist Meredith Gardner, who had worked on both German and Japanese messages. Chew had considerable success at defining the underlying structure of the coded Russian texts. Gardner and his colleagues began analytically reconstructing the KGB codebooks. Late in 1946, Gardner broke the codebook's "spell table" for encoding English letters. With the solution of this spell table, SIS could read significant portions of messages that included English names and phrases. Gardner soon found himself reading a 1944 message listing prominent atomic scientists, including several with the Manhattan Project. Efforts to decipher Soviet codes continued under the super secret Venona project.

Another problem soon arose—that of determining how and to whom to disseminate the extraordinary information Gardner was developing. SIS's reporting procedures did not seem appropriate because the decrypted messages could not even be paraphrased for Arlington Hall's regular intelligence customers without divulging their source. By 1946, SIS knew nothing about the federal grand jury impaneled in Manhattan to probe the espionage and disloyalty charges stemming from Elizabeth Bentley's defection and other defectors from Soviet intelligence, so no one in the US Government was aware that evidence against the Soviets was suddenly developing on two adjacent tracks. In late August or early September 1947, the FBI was informed that the Army Security Agency had begun to break into Soviet espionage messages.

By 1945 the Soviets had penetrated Arlington Hall with the placement of Bill Weisband who worked there for several years. The Government’s knowledge of his treason apparently was not revealed until its publication in a 1990 book co-authored by a high-level KGB defector.

In October 1949, the British spy Kim Philby arrived in Washington as British intelligence liaison to the U.S. intelligence community. Part of his responsibilities involved receiving VENONA material which the U.S. was providing to the UK In April 1951, a decoded VENONA message showed that Donald MacLean, who had served as Second Secretary at the British Embassy in Washington in 1944 and 1945 (and returned in 1947 to work on atomic energy issues), was “HOMER,” a Soviet spy. Surveillance of MacLean commenced in order to obtain evidence independent of VENONA, as the U.S. and UK did not want to reveal publicly the existence of the project, but MacLean defected to Moscow with Guy Burgess in May 1951.

During the 60's and 70's Arlington Hall served as the headquarters for the Army Security Agency.]]>

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