It was built in 1830, and designed by Henry Willey Reveley, and was the first permanent building in the Swan River Colony.
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It was used for colonial and indigenous prisoners until 1886, when control of the Convict Establishment prison (now Fremantle Prison) was transferred to the colony. After that, the smaller Round House was used as a police lockup until 1900, when it became the living quarters for the chief constable and his family.