Cape Newenaham Long range radar site

Cape Newenham Long Range Radar Site (LRRS) is a remote United States Air Force (USAF) installation situated on Cape Newenham. Cape Newenham is a small peninsula on the southwest coast of Alaska and marks the divide between Kuskokwim Bay to the north and Bristol Bay to the south. The LRRS consists of 2,359-acres and is situated across the center of the peninsula (coast to coast). Cape Newenham is located approximately 460 air miles southwest of Anchorage. The Togiak National Wildlife Refuge (formerly Cape Newenham Wildlife Refuge) occupies the rest of the peninsula along with an additional four million acres. Cape Newenham and Cape Newenham LRRS are accessible only by air or sea. The nearest community is Platinum, located 30 miles northwest on the shores of Goodnews Bay, with a population of approximately 40. The LRRS was one of the 10 original aircraft control and warning sites constructed in Alaska as part of the establishment of a permanent air defense system. This system provided radar coverage over the segment of Alaska ’s west coast. Construction of the installation was started in 1950 and was completed in 1952. Cape Newenham LRRS became operational in 1954. The installation’s early technology provided radar coverage by a radio system. The original radio system was replaced in 1957 by a White Alice Communication System (WACS), a system of Air Force-owned tropospheric scatter and microwave radio relay sites. The WACS was deactivated and replaced in 1979 with an Alascom-owned satellite communication system. Initially, the LRRS installation provided living facilities for a permanent force of approximately 100 military personnel. In 1977, a private contractor was hired to provide support services using civilians, eliminating 80 military positions and leaving just 14 military personnel in operations at the LRRS. The station began using satellites in 1983 to relay radar data to Elmendorf Air Force Base in Anchorage, which eliminated the remaining military positions. The LRRS was converted to a Minimally Attended Radar Station (MARS) in 1986 which required even fewer personnel to reside at the installation while attending to the LRRS mission. The installation is currently in care-taker status with four personnel to operate and maintain the LRRS. The current military mission of the LRRS is for peacetime air surveillance as part of the Alaska Radar System (ARS) of the overall North American Air Defense (NORAD) Mission. The LRRS is divided into two areas, the Upper Camp and the Lower Camp. The Upper Camp contains the radar dome facility and is connected to the Lower Camp by a road and tramway. Upper Camp is situated on a mountaintop at an elevation of approximately 2,000 feet. The Lower Camp area includes the runway, the composite building, fuel storage area, landfill, and other facilities