The Column - 44 metres high - is comprised of a stone core, encased in the bronze of 1250 cannons captured at the Battle of Austerliz (1805). It was designed by Denon, Gondouin, and Lepère and modeled in the style of Trajan's Column in Rome. It was constructioned during 1806 - 1810, The spiral bronze bas-relief was created by Bergeret.
The square is surrounded by shops of some of the most famous names in fashion, as well as the Hotel Ritz. An inner staircase leading to the top is no longer open to the public. (paris.org)